More and more countries are looking at the acquisition of airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) systems, driven by an emerging threat from ballistic and cruise missiles, by the increasing use of aircraft for illegal activities such as drug smuggling, and by the proven value of AEW&C as a force multiplier. At the same time, new systems and solutions are emerging to deal with the threat of stealthy or low-observable (LO) targets.
Two US programmes use two proven approaches to improving the counter-LO performance of an airborne radar. One of these selects a lower frequency than the microwave bands where most airborne radars operate. This makes many forms of radar-absorbent material useless and can also counter LO shaping. The E-2 Hawkeye has always used an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radar, and this feature, carried over into the new Advanced Hawkeye Radar for the new E-2D, is expected to allow this system to protect the fleet from LO threats.
Another simple approach to detecting small targets is to set up a bigger net to catch more of the energy that they scatter: enlarging the radar aperture. This is very difficult and expensive to do for almost any mobile platform, with one exception: an airship.
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